Table of Contents

1 Scope And Interpretation

1.1 Scope And Objective

1.2 Limitations

1.3 Building Components

1.4 Interpretation

2 General

2.1 Materials

2.2 Methods Of Construction

2.3 Earthquake Zones

2.4 Wind Zones

2.5 Durability

2.6 Snow Loads

2.7 Concrete Durability

2.8 Materials Testing

2.9 Thermal Insulation

2.10 Protection Of Earth Walls From External Moisture

3 Site Requirements

3.1 Soil Bearing Capacity And Site Profile Requirements

3.2 Soil Types

3.3 Bearing

3.4 Site Drainage And Flood Avoidance

3.5 Site Preparation

4 Footings

4.1 General

4.2 Width Of Footing

4.3 Depth Of Footing

4.4 Height Of Footing

4.5 Reinforcement Of Footings

4.6 Cover To Reinforcement

4.7 Vertical Wall Starter Reinforcement

4.8 Concrete Slab-On-Ground Floors

4.9 Damp Proof Course

4.10 Splashback Course

4.11 Footing Construction Details

5 Walls

5.1 General

5.2 Wall Systems To Resist Vertical Loads

5.3 Earth Wall Systems To Resist Horizontal Loads

5.4 Bracing Demand For Reinforced Earth Walls Where Earthquake Zone Factor > 0.6

5.5 Bracing Demand For Reinforced Earth Walls Where Earthquake Zone Factor 0.6

5.6 Bracing Demand For Unreinforced Earth Walls Where Earthquake Zone Factor 0.6

5.7 Partially Reinforced Walls

5.8 Reinforcement Of Earth Walls 280 To 350 Mm Thick

5.9 Reinforcement Of Rammed Earth Walls, 280 To 350 Mm Thick

5.10 Earth Walls Without Structural Diaphragms

5.11 Connection Between Walls And Top Plates Or Bond Beams

6 Structural Diaphragms

6.1 General

6.2 Ceiling And Roof Diaphragms

6.3 Floor Diaphragms

6.4 Diagonal Sarking

6.5 Sheet Sarking

6.6 Sheet Flooring

6.7 Connections Of Diaphragms To Earth Walls

6.8 Openings In Diaphragms

7 Bond Beams

7.1 General

7.2 Bond Beams With Structural Diaphragms

7.3 Bond Beams Without Structural Diaphragms

7.4 Intersection Of Timber Bond Beams

7.5 Laps In Reinforcement Of Concrete Bond Beams

7.6 Size Of Reinforcement Of Concrete Bond Beams

7.7 Intersection Of Concrete Bond Beams

7.8 Gable Shaped Walls

7.9 Timber Gable End Walls Above Earth Walls

8 Lintels

8.1 General

8.2 Timber Lintels

8.3 Concrete Lintels

9 Wall Openings And Fixings

9.1 Anchoring Of Joinery Frames To Walls

9.2 Door And Window Details

9.3 Fixings For Timber Framed Walls

9.4 Arches

9.5 Roof Tie Down Bolts

9.6 Flashings

10 Control Joints

10.1 General

10.2 Control Joints For Rammed Earth Walls

10.3 Control Joints For Adobe And Pressed Brick Walls

11 Cinva Bricks

11.1 Scope

11.2 Foundations

11.3 Bracing Walls

11.4 Wall Reinforcing

11.5 Cinva Brick Walls Without Structural Diaphragms

11.6 Structural Diaphragms

11.7 Concrete Bond Beams

11.8 Lintels

11.9 Wall Openings And Fixings

11.10 Control Joints

Appendix

A Derivation Of Tables

B Worked Examples Determination Of Bracing

Table

2.2 – Site Specific Building Limiting Erodibility Indices For Different Wind Zones, Wall Exposures, Eaves Heights And Widths In Areas With Up To 2000 Mm Per Year Average Rainfall

2.3 – Earth Wall Construction For Thermal Performance

2.4 – Exterior Moisture Protection For Earth Walls

5.1 – Bracing Demand For Bracing Support Lines

5.2 – Bracing Demand For Bracing Support Lines

5.3 – Bracing Demand For Bracing Support Lines

5.4 – Bracing Demand For Bracing Support Lines

5.5 – Minimum Bracing Demand Per Square Metre For Earthquake Zone Factor > 0.6

5.6 – Bracing Capacity Of Reinforced Earth Walls

5.7 – Bracing Capacity Of Unreinforced Earth Walls

5.8 – Bracing Capacity Of Partially Reinforced Earth Walls

5.9 – Spacing Of Vertical D12 Reinforcement In Earth Walls

5.10 – Spacing Of Vertical D12 Reinforcement In Rammed Earth Walls Without Horizontal Reinforcement

5.11 – Length Of Return Walls For Bond Beam Supported Walls

6.1 – Connection Of Structural Diaphragm To Timber Bond Beam

7.1 – Bond Beams With Structural Diaphragms Where Earthquake Zone Factor 0.6

7.2 – Bond Beams With Structural Diaphragms Where Earthquake Zone Factor > 0.6

7.3 – Bond Beams Without Structural Diaphragms Where Earthquake Zone Factor 0.6

7.4 – Bond Beams Without Structural Diaphragms Where Earthquake Zone Factor > 0.6

7.5 – Timber Bond Beams At Timber Gable End Walls Above Earth Walls

8.1 – Concrete Lintel Details

8.2 – Concrete Lintels With 0.0, 0.5 Or 1.0 Kpa Snow Loads

9.1 – Depth Of Embedment ( D) Of Roof Tie Down Bolts

11.1 – Maximum Spacing Of Vertical Reinforcement In Cinva Brick Walls

11.2 – Cinva Brick Lintels Clear Opening Spans

A1 – Design Strengths (Mpa)

A2 – Strength Reduction Factors

A3 – Basic Load Data

B1 – Summary Of Bracing Demand For Example One

B2 – Detailed Wall Bracing Capacity Calculations For Example One

B3 – Summary Of Bracing Demand For Examples Two And Three

B4 – Detailed Wall Bracing Capacity Calculations For Example Two

B5 – Detailed Wall Bracing Capacity Calculations For Example Three

Figure

1.1 – Building Types Covered By This Standard

2.1 – Earthquake Zone Factors

2.2 – Definition Of Eaves Height And Eaves Width

2.3 – Durability Design

3.1 – Relationship Of Foundation To Sloping Ground Surface

4.1 – Footing Dimensions And General Details

4.2 – Footing Reinforcement Where Earthquake Zone Factor 0.6

4.3 – Footing Reinforcement Where Earthquake Zone Factor > 0.6

4.4 – Reinforcement At Footing Or Bond Beam Intersections

4.5 – Alternative Strip Footing Type E With Fired Brick Facing

4.6 – Footing Type F With Concrete Floor Slab

42 4.7 – Footing Type G With Concrete Floor Slab And Fired Brick Facing

4.8 – Footing With Concrete Floor Slab And Concrete Block Facing

5.1 – Determination Of Bracing Demand

5.2 – Determination Of Bracing Capacity

5.3 – Bracing Line Support System And Openings At External Corners

5.4 – Reinforcing And Dowels For Reinforced And Partially Reinforced Earth Walls

5.5 – Horizontal Reinforcement For Reinforced Earth Walls, Types A And B

5.6 – Horizontal Reinforcement For Reinforced Earth Walls, Type C

5.7 – Reinforced Rammed Earth Walls With Concrete Columns

5.8 – Reinforcement Of Reinforced Rammed Earth Walls With Concrete Columns At Corners And Short Return Walls

5.9 – Reinforcement Of Reinforced Rammed Earth Walls With Concrete Columns Under Window Openings

5.10 – Layout Of Earth Walls With Concrete Bond Beams And Without A Structural Diaphragm

6.1 – Sheet Sarking Diaphragm

6.2 – Diaphragm Fixing Details

6.3 – Connection Of Diaphragms To Walls

71 6.4 – Connection Of Ceiling Diaphragms To Earth Walls For Battened Joists Or Trusses

6.5 – Connection Of Ceiling Diaphragms To Earth Walls For Sloping Ceilings On Underside Of Rafters

6.6 – Location Of Openings In Diaphragm

7.1 – Connection Of Timber Bond Beams Or Top Plates With Structural Diaphragms (Plan)

7.2 – Connection Of Timber Bond Beams Or Top Plates Without Structural Diaphragms (Plan)

7.3 – Concrete Bond Beams

7.4 – Timber Bond Beam For Timber Gable End Walls Above Earth Walls

8.1 – Timber Lintels Supporting Timber Framing Above

8.2 – Timber Lintels Supporting Earth Walls At Gable Ends

8.3 – Concrete Lintel General Arrangement

8.4 – Concrete Lintel Sizes And Reinforcement

8.5 – Load Cases For Concrete Lintels

8.6 – Concrete Lintel Within And Outside Middle 2/3 Of Bond Beam Span

9.1 – Anchors For Door, Window And Timber Partition Frames For Earth Walls

9.2 – Window Head Details

9.3 – Window Jamb Details

9.4 – Window Sill Details

9.5 – Fixing Of Timber Framed Walls To Allow For Adobe Earth Wall Vertical Shrinkage

9.6 – Arch At Door Or Window Opening

9.7 – Roof Tie Down Detail

10.1 – Control Joint For Rammed Earth Walls

10.2 – Horizontal Construction Joint For Rammed Earth Walls

10.3 – Control Joint For Adobe And Pressed Brick

11.1 – Cinva Brick Wall Footings

11.2 – Type D Horizontal Reinforcing (Cinva Brick Only)

11.3 – Cinva Brick Walls – Concrete Bond Beams

11.4 – Cinva Brick Lintels

11.5 – Direct Fixed Rafters

11.6 – Cinva Brick Wall Control Joint – Plan View

B1 – Example 1 Building

B2 – Example 1 Building – Vertical Reinforcement Layout

B3 – Example 2 Unreinforced Earth Building

B4 – Example 2 Building – Wall And Dowel Layout

B5 – Example 3 Partially Reinforced Earth Building

B6 – Example 3 Building – Vertical Reinforcement Layout