Table of Contents

1 Scope And Interpretation

1.1 Scope

1.2 Interpretation

1.3 Definitions

2 General

2.1 Materials

2.2 Workmanship, Construction, And Tolerances

2.3 Surface Coatings

2.4 Maintenance

3 Site Requirements

3.1 Soil Bearing Capacity

3.2 Soil Types

3.3 Test Method For Soil Bearing Capacity

3.4 Bearing

3.5 Site Preparation

3.6 Water In Subfloor Spaces

3.7 Effects Of Tree Roots On Foundations

4 Bracing Demand

4.1 General

4.2 Earthquake Zones

4.3 Calculations Of Bracing Demand – Wind

4.4 Calculation Of Bracing Demand – Earthquake

5 Wall Bracing Capacity

5.1 General

5.2 Bracing Panels Within Structural Walls

5.3 Reinforcement Of Bracing Panels

5.4 Non-Continuous Walls

5.5 Masonry Frames

6 Footings

6.1 General

6.2 Width Of Footings

6.3 Reinforced Concrete Footings

6.4 Reinforced Masonry Footings

6.5 Mass Concrete Subfootings

6.6 Reinforcement Of Footings

6.7 Vertical Wall Starter Reinforcement

6.8 Footings For Isolated Transverse Walls

7 Foundation Walls And Concrete Slab-On-Ground

7.1 Foundation Walls

7.2 Slab-On-Ground

7.3 Granular Base

7.4 Damp-Proof Membrane

7.5 Bituminous Sheet Damp-Proof Membranes

7.6 Polyethylene (Polythene) Sheet Damp-Proof Membranes

7.7 Rubber Emulsion Damp-Proof Membranes

7.8 Slab-On-Ground Construction

7.9 Bearing

7.10 Underfloor Thermal Insulation

7.11 Support Of Loadbearing Internal Walls

8 Walls

8.1 General

8.2 Wall Systems To Resist Vertical Loads

8.3 Structural Walls

8.4 Systems To Resist Horizontal Forces

8.5 Bracing Units And Elements

8.6 Wall Bracing Elements In External Walls Not Connected To A Structural Diaphragm

8.7 Wall Bracing Elements In Internal Walls On Bracing Lines

8.8 Structural Diaphragms

9 Diaphragms

9.1 General

9.2 Roof And Ceiling Diaphragms

9.3 Timber Floor Diaphragms

9.4 Concrete Diaphragms

9.5 Openings In Diaphragms

10 Bond Beams

10.1 General

10.2 Bracing Line Support Systems

10.3 Structural Diaphragm Systems

10.4 Intersection Of Bond Beams

10.5 Gable-Shaped Walls

11 Lintels And Columns

11.1 General

11.2 Size And Reinforcement Of Lintels

11.3 Combination Of Lintels And Bond Beams

11.4 Wall Columns

11.5 Isolated Columns

12 Shrinkage

12.1 Shrinkage Control Joints

13 Masonry Veneer Wall Covering

Appendix A – Masonry Retaining Walls (Normative)

Appendix B – Cantilevered Walls (Normative)

Appendix D – Design Examples And Background Information On Derivation Of Design Tables (Informative)

Appendix E – Masonry Veneer Wall Covering (Informative)

Figures

Figure 1.1 – Building Types Covered By This Standard (See 1.1.3(E))

Figure 3.1 – Relationship Of Foundation To Sloping Ground Surface

Figure 4.1 – Earthquake Zones (See 4.2)

Figure 4.2 – Directions Of Wind And Braced Walls (See Table 4.2)

Figure 4.3 – Building Storeys (See Table 4.3)

Figure 6.1 – Roof Weight Contribution Kn/M (See 6.2.2)

Figure 6.2 – Suspended Floor Weight Contribution (See 6.2.2)

Figure 6.3 – Reinforced Masonry Footing (See 6.4.1)

Figure 6.4 – Mass Concrete Subfooting (See 6.5.1(B))

Figure 6.5 – Reinforcement Of Footings (See Table 6.2 And 6.6.2)

Figure 6.6 – Edge Foundations (See 6.6.2)

Figure 6.7 – Stepped Footing (See 6.6.4)

Figure 6.8 – Reinforcement At Footing Intersections (See 6.6.5)

Figure 7.1 – Minimum Heights Of Finished Concrete Slab-On-Ground Floors Above Adjoining Finished Ground Level (See 7.2.1)

Figure 7.2 – Permanent Paving Adjoining Buildings With Slab-On-Ground Floors (See 7.2.2)

Figure 7.3 – Construction Of Slabs-On-Ground (See 7.4.1)

Figure 7.4 – Positioning Of Shrinkage Control Joints (See 7.8.5.2(A))

Figure 7.5 – Supplementary Steel (See 7.8.5.2)

Figure 7.6 – Support Of Loadbearing Internal Walls (See 7.11.1)

Figure 8.1 – Reinforcement Above And Below Openings (See 8.3.5)

Figure 8.2 – Bracing Line Support System (See 8.4.2(A))

Figure 8.3 – Structural Diaphragm Support Systems (See 8.4.2(B))

Figure 8.4 – Two Diaphragms Braced By A Common Wall (See 8.8.3)

Figure 8.5 – One Wall Containing 30% Of Total Bracing Units (See 8.8.4)

Figure 9.1 – Diaphragm Construction (See 9.1.2)

Figure 9.2 – Roof Diaphragms (See 9.2.6.2)

Figure 9.3 – Sloping Ceiling Diaphragms – Sheet Material On Battened Rafters (See 9.2.6.2)

Figure 9.4 – Horizontal Ceiling Diaphragms (See 9.2.6.2)

Figure 9.5 – Timber Floor Diaphragms Connections (See 9.3.4.2)

Figure 9.6 – Concrete Floor Diaphragm Details (See 9.4.1)

Figure 9.7 – Location Of Openings In Diaphragm (See 9.5.1.2(A))

Figure 10.1 – Bond Beam Details – Bracing Line System (See 10.2.1)

Figure 10.2 – Bond Beam Details – Diaphragm System (See 10.3.2)

Figure 10.3 – Bond Beam Intersections (See 10.4.1)

Figure 11.1 – Maximum Lintel Span At Corner (See 11.2.3)

Figure 11.2 – Lintel Reinforcement Layouts (See 11.2.4)

Figure 11.3 – Wall Column Spacing (See 11.4.5)

Figure 12.1 – Location Of Control Joints For Shrinkage (See 12.1.1)

Figure 12.2 – Control Joint Detail For Solid-Filled Walls And Partially Filled Walls Where Horizontal Bars Are Placed Between Floors But Not Bond Beams (See 12.1.3)

Figure A1 – Retaining Wall Without Surcharge

Figure A2 – Retaining Wall With Surcharge

Figure A3 – Retaining Wall With Backslope

Figure B1 – Cast-In-Situ Concrete Piles Centrally Reinforced To Support Cantilevered Walls (Solid Or Partially Filled) (For Use In Conjunction With Table B1 – See B4.1.1(A))

Figure B2 – Strip Footing Centrally Placed Under Cantilevered Walls (Solid Or Partially Filled) (For Use In Conjunction With Table B2 – See B4.3.2)

Figure B3 – Strip Footing For Cantilevered Walls (Solid Or Partially Filled) Where Footing Is On One Side Of Wall (For Use In Conjunction With Table B3 – See B4.3.2)

Figure B4 – Strip Footing Consisting Of Floor Slab On One Side Of A Cantilevered Wall (For Use In Conjunction With Table B4 – See B4.1.1(C))

Figure D1 – Example Calculation Of Roof Weight Contribution (See D3.4)

Figure D2 – Bracing Capacity Example (See D3.6)

Figure D3 – Strain And Force Diagram (See D4.2.2)