Table of Contents

Part 1 Scope And Interpretation

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 General

1.1.2 Unusual Buildings

1.1.3 Non-Brittle Behaviour

1.2 Interpretation

1.2.1 General

1.2.2 Definitions

Part 2 General Requirements

2.1 Notation

2.2 Application

2.2.1 General

2.2.2 Special Studies

2.3 Classification Of Buildings And Parts

2.3.1 Buildings

2.3.2 Parts Of Buildings

2.4 Load Combinations

2.4.1 General

2.4.2 Serviceability Limit State

2.4.3 Ultimate Limit State

2.5 Analysis And Design

2.5.1 General

2.5.2 Serviceability Limit State

2.5.3 Ultimate Limit State – General

2.5.4 Ultimate Limit State – Additional Requirements Involving Earthquake Effects

Part 3 Dead And Live Load Provisions

3.1 Notation

3.2 General Requirements

3.3 Dead Loads

3.4 Live Loads

3.4.1 General

3.4.2 Reduced Live Load

3.4.3 Additional Considerations

3.5 Balustrades And Parapets

3.5.1 Serviceability Limit State

3.5.2 Ultimate Limit State

3.6 Vehicle Barriers For Parking Areas

3.6.1 Ultimate Limit State

3.7 Machinery Live Loads

3.7.1 Vertical Forces

3.7.2 Horizontal Forces

Part 4 Earthquake Provisions

4.1 Notation

4.2 General Requirements

4.2.1 Structural System

4.2.2 Limit States

4.2.3 Ductility And Structural Type

4.2.4 Structural Performance Factor And Structural Ductility Factor

4.2.5 Capacity Design

4.2.6 Seismic Weight

4.3 Methods Of Analysis

4.3.1 General

4.3.2 Limitation On The Use Of The Equivalent Static Method

4.3.3 Use Of Dynamic Analyses

4.4 Structural Regularity

4.4.1 Horizontal Regularity

4.4.2 Vertical Regularity

4.5 Period Of Vibration

4.6 Seismic Design Actions

4.6.1 General

4.6.2 Design Spectra And Lateral Force Coefficients

4.6.3 Direction Of Forces And Accidental Eccentricity

4.7 Seismic Deflections And P-Delta Effects

4.7.1 General

4.7.2 Serviceability Limit State Deflections

4.7.3 Ultimate Limit State Lateral Deflections

4.7.4 Ultimate Limit State Interstorey Deflections

4.7.5 P-Delta Effects – Ultimate Limit State

4.8 Equivalent Static Method

4.8.1 Equivalent Static Forces

4.8.2 Points Of Application Of Equivalent Static Forces

4.9 Modal Response Spectrum Method

4.9.1 General

4.9.2 Torsion

4.9.3 Combination Of Modal Effects

4.9.4 Design Actions

4.10 Numerical Integration Time History Method

4.10.1 General

4.10.2 Scaling Of Input Earthquake Records

4.10.3 Length Of Input Earthquake Records For Ultimate Limit State

4.10.4 P-Delta Effects

4.10.5 Design Using Numerical Integration Time History Method

4.11 Foundations And Soil Retaining Structures

4.11.1 Foundations

4.11.2 Soil Retaining Structures

4.12 Requirements For Parts

4.12.1 General

4.12.2 Basic Horizontal Coefficient For Parts

Part 5 Provisions For Wind Forces

5.1 Notation

5.2 General Requirements

5.2.1 Determination Of Wind Forces

5.2.2 Limits Of Application

5.3 Design Wind Speed

5.4 Site Wind Speed

5.4.1 Derivation Of The Site Wind Speed

5.4.2 Basic Directional Wind Speed

5.4.3 Limit State Multiplier

5.4.4 Site Terrain/Height Multiplier

5.4.5 Shielding Multiplier

5.4.6 Topographic Multiplier

5.4.7 Structure Risk Multiplier

5.5 Design Wind Pressure

5.6 Forces And Pressures On Enclosed Buildings

5.6.1 General

5.6.2 Internal Pressures

5.6.3 External Pressures

5.6.4 Frictional Drag Force For Rectangular Enclosed Buildings

5.7 Forces And Pressures On Canopies, Free-Standing Walls And Roof Structures

5.7.1 General

5.7.2 Net Pressures For Canopies, Awnings And Carports, Attached To Enclosed Buildings

5.7.3 Net Pressures On Free Roofs

5.7.4 Net Pressures For Cantilevered Roofs

5.7.5 Net Pressures On Hoardings And Free-Standing Walls

5.7.6 Frictional Drag Forces For Free Roofs And Canopies

5.8 Forces On Exposed Structural Members

5.8.1 General

5.8.2 Wind Forces On Individual Structural Members

5.8.3 Wind Forces On Single Open Frames

5.8.4 Wind Forces On Multiple Open Frames

5.8.5 Drag Forces On Lattice Towers

5.9 Dynamic Wind Design Procedure

5.9.1 Application

5.9.2 Hourly Mean Design Wind Speed

5.9.3 Hourly Mean Site Wind Speed

5.9.4 Basic Directional Wind Speed

5.9.5 Limit State Multiplier

5.9.6 Site Terrain/Height Multiplier

5.9.7 Shielding Multiplier

5.9.8 Topographic Multiplier

5.9.9 Structure Risk Multiplier

Appendix

5.A Additional Pressure Coefficients

5.A1 External Pressure Coefficients For Multi-Span Buildings

5.A2 External Pressure Coefficients For Curved Roofs

5.A3 External Pressure Coefficients For Mansard Roofs

5.A4 External Pressure Coefficients For Circular Bins, Silos And Tanks

5.B Sectional Drag And Force Coefficients

5.B1 Introduction

5.B2 Rounded Cylindrical Shapes

5.B3 Sharp-Edged Prisms

5.B4 Rectangular Prismatic Sections

5.B5 Structural Sections

5.B6 Aspect Ratio Corrections

Part 6 Provisions For Snow Loads, Rain Water Ponding Loads, Ice Loads, Soil Loads, And Ground Water Loads

6.1 Notation

6.2 General Requirements

6.3 Snow Loads

6.3.1 Basic Roof Snow Load

6.3.2 Distribution Of Snow Loads On Roofs

6.4 Rain Water Ponding Loads

6.5 Ice Loads

6.6 Soil Loads

6.7 Ground Water Loads

Appendix

A Notation

Table

2.3.1 Classification Of Buildings

2.3.2 Classification Of Parts Of Buildings

2.4.1 Short Term And Long Term Factors, Ys And Yl , For The Serviceability Limit State

2.4.2 Live Load Combination Factor, Yu, For The Ultimate Limit State

3.4.1 Basic Live Loads For Floors And Stairs

3.5.1 Reduced Live Loads, Q, For Balustrades And Parapets

4.2.1 Structural Ductility Factor, M

4.6.1 Basic Seismic Hazard Acceleration Coefficient

4.6.2 Risk Factor For Structure

4.6.3 Limit State Factor

4.6.4 Design Spectrum Scaling Factor, Sm1

4.12.1 Risk Factor For Parts

5.4.1 Basic Directional Wind Speed

5.4.2 Limit State Multiplier

5.4.3 Terrain/Height Multipliers For Gust Wind Speeds In Fully Developed Terrains

5.4.4 Shielding Multiplier

5.4.5 Hill Shape Multiplier At Crest (Z = 0)

5.4.6 Structure Risk Multiplier

5.6.1 Average Internal Pressure Coefficients For Buildings Of Rectangular Plan And Open Interior Plan

5.6.2 Walls: Average External Pressure Coefficients For Rectangular Enclosed Buildings

5.6.3 Roofs: Average External Pressure Coefficients For Rectangular Enclosed Buildings

5.6.4 Area Reduction Factor

5.6.5 Local Pressure Factor

5.6.6 Porous Cladding Reduction Factor

5.7.1 Net Pressure Coefficients For Canopies And Awnings Attached To Buildings

5.7.2 Net Pressure Coefficients For Partially Enclosed Carports

5.7.3 Local Net Pressure Factors For Free Roofs And Canopies

5.7.4 Net Pressure Coefficients For Monoslope Free Roofs

5.7.5 Net Pressure Coefficients For Pitched Free Roofs

5.7.6 Net Pressure Coefficients For Troughed Free Roofs

5.7.7 Net Pressure Coefficients For Hoardings And Freestanding Walls

5.8.1 Shielding Factors For Multiple Frames

5.8.2 Aspect Ratio Correction Factors

5.8.3 Drag Force Coefficients For Square And Equilateral-Triangle Plan Lattice Towers With Flat-Sided Members

5.8.4 Drag Force Coefficients For Square Plan Lattice Towers With Circular Members

5.8.5 Drag Force Coefficients For Equilateral-Triangle Plan Lattice Towers With Circular Members

5.9.1 Terrain/Height Multipliers For Hourly Mean Wind Speeds In Fully Developed Terrain

5.9.2 Topographic Multiplier At Crest (X = 0) For Hourly Mean Wind Speeds

5.A1.1 External Pressure Coefficients For Multi-Span Buildings With Pitched Roofs

5.A1.2 External Pressure Coefficients For Multi-Span Buildings With Saw-Tooth Roofs

5.A2.1 External Pressure Coefficients For Curved Roofs

5.B2.1 Drag Force Coefficients For Rounded Cylindrical Shapes

5.B3.1 Drag Force Coefficients For Sharp-Edged Prisms

5.B5.1 Force Coefficients, Cf,X And Cf,Y For Structural Sections

5.B6.1 Aspect Ratio Correction Factors

6.3.1 Coefficient For Building Category For Snow Loads

6.7.1 Building Category Factor For Hydrostatic Ground Water Load

Figure

4.6.1 Basic Seismic Hazard Acceleration Coefficient

4.6.2 Zone Factor, Z

5.4.1 Wind Regions And Lee Zones

5.4.2(A) Definition Of The Local Topographical Zone - Hills And Ridges

5.4.2(B) Definition Of The Local Topographic Zone – Two-Dimensional Escarpments

5.6.1 Parameters For Rectangular Enclosed Buildings

5.6.2 Local Pressure Factors

5.7.1 Net Pressure Coefficients For Canopies And Awnings Attached To Buildings

5.7.2 Net Pressure Coefficients For Partially Enclosed Carports

5.7.3 Net Pressure Coefficients For Monoslope Free Roofs

5.7.4 Net Pressure Coefficients For Pitched Free Roofs

5.7.5 Net Pressure Coefficients For Troughed Free Roofs

5.7.6 Hoardings And Free-Standing Walls

5.A1.1 External Pressure Coefficients For Multi-Span Buildings With Pitched Roofs

5.A1.2 External Pressure Coefficients For Multi-Span Buildings With Saw-Tooth Roofs

5.A2.1 External Pressure Coefficients For Curved Roofs

5.A3.1 External Pressure Coefficients For Mansard Roofs

5.A4.1 External Pressure Coefficients For Walls Of Circular

Bins, Silos And Tanks

5.A4.2 External Pressure Coefficients For Roofs Of Circular Bins, Silos And Tanks

5.A4.3 External Pressure Coefficients For Walls Of Circular Bins, Silos And Tanks Of Unit Aspect Ratio

5.B4.1 Along-Wind Force Coefficients For Rectangular Prisms

5.B4.2 Cross-Wind Force Coefficients For Rectangular Prisms

6.3.1 Open Ground Snow Load

6.3.2 Snow Zones