Table of Contents

1 Scope and Interpretation

1.1 Scope

1.2 Interpretation

2. General

2.1 Timber and wood-based products

2.2 Durability

2.3 Other materials, components, proprietary products and methods of construction

2.4 Workmanship and tolerances

2.5 Fastenings And Fabrication

2.5.1 General

2.5.2 Adhesives

2.5.3 Nails

2.5.4 Bolts and screws

2.5.5 Timber connectors or fixings

2.6 Earthquake and wind zones

2.7 Building consent applications

3. Site Requirements

3.1 Soil Bearing Capacity And Site Profile Requirements

3.2 Soil Types

3.2.1 Soft peat and soft clay

3.3 Bearing

3.4 Site Preparation

4. Foundation And Subfloor Framing

4.1 General

4.2 Systems to resist vertical loads

4.2.1 Single storey buildings

4.2.2 Two storey buildings

4.2.3 Support of loadbearing walls above ground floor level

4.2.4 Bearers

4.2.5 Timber stud subfloor walls

4.2.6 Wall plates

4.2.7 Stringers

4.2.8 Jack studs

4.3 Piles

4.4 Foundation Walls

4.5 Fixing of wall plates, bearers and stringers to foundation walls

4.6 Systems to resist horizontal loads

4.7 Subfloor bracing

4.7.1 General

4.7.2 Anchor Piles

4.7.3 Cantilever Piles\

4.7.4 Horizontal fixing of floor joints to bearers

4.7.5 Diagonal timber braces

4.7.6 Fixing of diagonal timber subfloor braces

4.7.7 Fixings required in conjunction to diagonal braces, on bracing lines

4.7.8 Sheet braced subfloor timber framing

4.7.9 Subfloor bracing using foundation walls

4.7.10 Horizontal support for foundation walls

4.7.11 Masonry infill between masonry piles

4.8 Prevention of dampness

5. Floors

5.1 Floor Joists

5.1.1 General

5.1.2 Lateral support of floor joists

5.1.3 Floor joists under walls

5.1.4 Floor joists connected to subfloor brace foundation walls

5.1.5 Cantilevered floor joists

5.1.6 Trimmers and trimming joists

5.1.7 Holes and notches in floor joists

5.2 Floor decking

5.2.1 General

5.2.2 Timber strip flooring

5.2.3 Sheet flooring

5.3 Structural Floor Diaphragms

6. Walls

6.1 General

6.2 Systems To Resist Vertical Loads

6.3 Systems To Resist Horizontal Loads

6.3.1 General

6.3.2 Total number of bracing units

6.3.3 Wall bracing elements in external walls

6.3.4 Wall bracing elements in internal walls on bracing lines

6.3.5 Diaphragms

6.4 Wall Framing – General Requirements

6.5 Studs

6.5.1 General

6.5.2 Trimming studs

6.5.3 Straightening studs

6.5.4 Lateral support of studs

6.6 Lintels And Sill And Head Trimmers

6.6.1 Lintels

6.6.2 Sill and head trimmers

6.7 Plates

6.7.1 Top plates

6.7.2 Bottom plates

6.7.3 Joints in plates

6.7.4 Lateral support of top plates

6.7.5 Checks, holes and notches in plates

6.8 Dwangs, walings, metal walings, and ribbon boards

6.9 Wall bracing elements

6.9.1 General

6.9.2 Bracing values

6.9.3 Sheef bracing material

6.9.4 Wall bracing elements

6.9.5 Construction bracing

6.9.6 Connection of wall bracing elements to external walls at right angles

7. Posts

8 Exterior wall coverings

8.1 General

8.2 Timber weatherboards

8.2.1 General

8.2.2 Lap-jointed horizontal weatherboards

8.2.3 Batten-jointed vertical weatherboards (board and batten)

8.2.4 Shiplap vertical weatherboards

8.3 Wood-based products

8.4 Masonry veneer

8.5 Solid plaster finish

8.6 Sheathing

8.7 Windows

9 Walling linings

9.1 General

9.2 Timber and wood-based products

10. Roofs

10.1 General

10.2 Roof trusses

10.2.1 Maximum dimensions and spacings

10.2.2 Design and fabrication

10.2.3 Drawings and specifications

10.2.4 Handling, transport and erection

10.3 Framed roofs

10.3.1 Joints in roof framing members

10.3.2 Rafters

10.3.3 Ridge boards

10.3.4 Ceiling joists for framed roofs

10.3.5 Ceiling runners for framed roofs

10.3.6 Valley boards

10.3.7 Underpurlins

10.3.8 Underpurlin struts

10.3.9 Strutting beams

10.3.10 Collar ties and cleats

10.3.11 Eaves

10.3.12 Gable verges

10.4 Systems To Resist Horizontal Loads

10.4.1 Light hip roofs

10.4.2 Heavy hip roofs

10.4.3 Light gable roofs

10.4.4 Heavy gable roofs

10.5 Roof Bracing

10.5.1 General

10.5.2 Roof plans diagonal braces

10.5.3 Roof space diagonal braces

10.5.4 Hit-and-miss diagonal sarkings

10.5.5 Sheet sarking

10.6 Purlins

11 Roof Coverings

11.1 General

11.2 Roofing underlay

11.3 Corrugated steel

11.4 Corrugated cellulose cement

11.5 Concrete interlocking tiles

11.6 Pressed metal tiles

11.7 Other roofing materials

12 Ceilings

12.1 Ceiling lining material

12.2 Ceiling lining supports

12.2.1 Truss roofs

12.2.2 Framed roofs and floors

12.3 Openings in ceilings

12.4 Platforms in the roof space

12.5 Structural ceiling diaphragms

Appendix

A Nailing Schedule

B Product literature

C Test for soil bearing capacity

D Short driven timber piles

E Concrete slab-on-ground floors for domestic loadings

F Masonry veneer exterior wall covering

G Solid plaster exterior wall covering

H 2.0 kPa and 3.0 kPa floor loads

J 1.0 kPa snow loads

K Wall bracing elements

L Continuous single skin clay masonry foundation walls

Table

2.1 Suggested Tolerances

2.2 Wind zones flow chart

2.3 Earthquake zone and wind regions for various localities

2.4 Determination of building wind zone

2.5 Type of formation

4.1 Guidelines of types of foundations and subfloor structures covered by this section

4.2 Bearers, 1.5 kPa floor load

4.3 Spacing of M12 bolts supporting stringers, 1.5 kPa floor load

4.4 Subfloor jack studs, 1.5 kPa floor load

4.5 Pile footings, 1.5 kPa and 2.0 kPa floor loads

4.6 Foundation wall footings, 1.5 kPa, 2.0 kPa and 3.0 kPa floor loads

4.7 Bracing units for foundation structures, 1.5 kPa and 2.0 kPa floor loads

4.8 Ratings of subfloor bracing elements

5.1 Floor joists, 1.5 kPa floor load

5.2 Cantilevered floor joists

5.3 Strip flooring, 1.5 kPa and 2.0 kPa floor loads

6.1 Bracing units for wall above foundations for earthquake

6.2 Bracing units for walls above subfloor structure fore wind

6.3 Studs in loadbearing walls, 1.5 kPa and 2.0 kPa floor loads

6.4 Studs of No. 2 Framing grade in loadbearing walls

6.5 Studs in non-loadbearing walls

6.6 Trimming studs, 1.5 kPa and 2.0 kPa floor loads

6.7 Lintels, 1.5 kPa and 2.0 kPa floor loads

6.8 Sill and head trimmers

6.9 Top plates of loadbearing, 1.5 kPa and 2.0 kPa floor loads

6.10 Bottom plates of loadbearing walls, 1.5 kPa and 2.0 kPa floor loads

7.1 Post and beam concrete footings to resist uplift

10.1 Summary of roof bracing systems

10.2 Rafters other than hip and valley rafters – 0.5 kPa snow load

10.3 Valley rafters

10.4 Ceiling joists

10.5 Ceiling runners

10.6 Underpurlins

10.7 Strutting beams

10.8 Purlins

12.1 Ceiling battens

A1 Nailing schedule

D1 Spacing of driven round timber piles, 1.5 kPa floor load

E1 Capillary water rise

F1 Steel angle lintels to support masonry veneer

H1 Bearers, 2.0 kPa floor load

H2 Spacing of M12 bolts supporting stringers, 2.0 kPa and 3.0 kPa floor loads

H3 Subfloor jack studs, 2.0 kPa

H4 Floor joists, 2.0 kPa floor load

H5 Spacing of driven round timber piles, 2.0 kPa floor load

H6 Bracing units 3.0 kPa floor loads (also use for 2.0 kPa floor loads)

H7 Pile footings, 3.0 kPa floor load

H8 Bearers, 3.0 kPa

H9 Subfloor jack studs, 3.0 kPa floor load

H10 Floor joists, 3.0 kPa floor load

H11 Strip flooring, 3.0 kPa floor load

J1 Rafters other than hid and valley rafters – 1.0 kPa snow load

K1 Ratings of 2.4 m high wall bracing elements

Figure

1.1 Buildings covered by this Standard

2.1 Protection of framing timbers

2.2 Earthquake zones

2.3 Wind regions and lee zones

2.4 Topographic zone

3.1 Relationship of foundation to sloping ground surface

4.1 Some typical foundation and subfloor framing systems

4.2 Loadbearing wall

4.3 Loadbearing wall

4.4 Cantilevered piles at different heights

4.5 Typical joints in bearers

4.6 Fixing of stringers to foundation walls

4.7 Some typical concrete piles

4.8 A typical timber pile

4.9 Typical anchor pile details

4.10 Anchor and braced piles

4.11 Shallow founded cantilevered piles

4.12 Fixing of bearers and jack studs

4.13 Steps and openings in foundation walls

4.14 Cantilevered foundation walls

4.15 Reinforced masonry and reinforced concrete foundation walls (not cantilevered)

4.16 Reinforced masonry foundation walls (not cantilevered) supporting masonry veneer

4.17 Fixing of wall plates to foundation walls

4.18 Fixing of bearers to foundation walls

4.19 Fixing of diagonal timber subfloor braces

4.20 Brace fixing to floor joist

4.21 Brace fixing to bearer

4.22 Fixing of diagonal timber subfloor braces

4.23 Fixing of diagonal braces on bracing lines

4.24 Lateral support of foundation wall using a stepped footing

4.25 Masonry infill panel between a pair of masonry piles

4.26 Clearance between cladding and adjacent ground

5.1 Joints in floor joists

5.2 Lateral support of floor joists

5.3 Floor joists and bearers under walls

5.4 Loadbearing wall over foundation

5.5 Corner foundation walls

5.6 Cantilevered floor joists

5.7 Framing around openings in joisted floors

5.8 Holes and notches in floor joists other than cantilevered joists

6.1 Dragon ties

6.2 Top plate when bracing lines exceed 5 m spacings

6.3 Determination of roof dimension S

6.4 Location of wall framing for the purposes of tables 6.1, 6.3, 6.4, 6.7, 6.10, 6.11 and K1

6.5 Trimming studs, lintels, and sill trimmers

6.6 Straightening studs

6.7 Lintel loads for the purposes of table 6.7

6.8 Fixing of lintels against uplift

6.9 Top plates of loadbearing walls with supporting dwang on edge (see table 6.10 and fig 6.10)

6.10 Top plate arrangements (see also fig 6.9)

6.11 Interconnection and jointing of top plates in walls containing wall bracing elements

6.12 Connecting members providing lateral support to the top plates of external walls

6.13 Ribbon boards

7.1 Fixing of posts and beams

7.2 Area of roof resisted by post

10.1 Roof framing members

10.2 Seating of rafters

10.3 Fixing of ceiling framing members

10.4 Fixing of underpurlin struts

10.5 Paired underpurlins

10.6 Collar ties and cleats

10.7 Gable verge framing

10.8 Bracing of heavy hip roofs

10.9 Ceiling braces connecting hip-end top plates to wall bracing elements

10.10 Bracing of heavy gable roofs

10.11 Roof plane diagonal braces

10.12 Roof space diagonal braces

10.13 Purlin fixings for sarked roofs

12.1 Ceiling lining supports

E1 Minimum heights of finished concrete slab-on-ground floors above adjoining finished ground level

E2 Protection of finished ground adjoining buildings with concrete slab-on-ground floors

E3 Typical foundation walls of concrete slab-on-ground floors

E4 D.P.C (vapour barrier) laid over ground slab and protected by concrete topping

E5 Height of slab above standing water level

E6 Alternative construction of ground slabs

E7 Ground slabs beneath internal loadbearing walls

E8 Fixing of sheet wall bracing elements to concrete slabs

F1 Foundation walls supporting masonry veneer

F2 Venting and sealing of cavities between masonry veneer and timber stud walls

G1 Solid plaster exterior wall bracing elements

K1 Sheet bracing wall bracing elements

L1 Continuous single skin clay masonry foundation walls

Index