Table of Contents

1 General

1.1 Scope

1.2 New Zealand Building Legislation

1.3 Interpretation

1.4 Appendices

1.5 Design And Construction

2 Definitions And Abbreviations

2.1 Definitions

2.2 Abbreviations

2.3 Notation

3 General Design Requirements

3.1 Design Methods

3.2 Support Structures

3.3 Tanks Storing Portable Water

3.4 Pipework

3.5 Freeboard

4 Loads And Load Combinations

4.1 General

4.2 Loads And Other Actions

4.3 Load Control

4.4 Non-Symmetric Loads For Circular Tank

4.5 Load Combinations For Serviceability Limit State

4.6 Load Combinations For Ultimate Limit State

5 Design For Serviceability

5.1 General Considerations

5.2 Reinforced Concrete

5.3 Prestressed Concrete

6 Design For Strength And Stability At The Ultimate Limit State

6.1 General

6.2 Stability Design

6.4 Minimum Reinforcement

7 Design For Durability

Appendix

A – Earthquake Actions

B – Design Of Reinforcement To Control Cracking

C – Testing

D – Thermal Stress Coefficients

Table

1 – Roof Temperature Criteria

2 – Moisture Variation – Shrinkage And Swelling Strains

3 – Liquid Tightness Class And Leakage Control Provisions For Group A Loads

4 – Reinforcement Ratio For Fully Restrained Concrete

5 – Limiting Stresses In Steel Reinforcement Where Compression Zone Depth Complies With 5.1.1

6 – Limiting Stresses In Steel Reinforcement Where Compression Zone Depth Is Less Than 5.1.1

7 – Limiting Stresses In Prestressed Concrete

8 – Exposure Classifications

A1 – Displacement Ductility Factor, Μ

A2 – Correction Factor Kf (Μ,Ξi)

B1 – Ratio Of Bond Strength

B2 – Strength And Deformation Characteristics For Concrete

D1 – Thermal Stress Coefficients – Pinned-Base Condition

D2 – Thermal Stress Coefficients – Fixed-Base Condition

D3 – Thermal Stress Coefficients – Sliding-Base Condition

Figure

1 – Temperature Distributions In Tank Walls

2 – Effective Concrete Area

3 – Reduction Of Stiffness Of Doubly Reinforced Wall On Cracking (Includingtension Stiffening Effect)

A1 – Damping For Horizontal Impulsive Mode

A2 – Damping For Vertical Impulsive Mode

A3 – Dimensionless Period For Fundamental Sloshing Model

A4 – Equivalent Weights Of Impulsive And Convective Contents (Circularand Rectangular Tanks)

A5 – Equivalent Weight Distribution

A6 – Horizontal Force Distribution

A7 – Equivalent Heights Of Impulsive And Convective Weights For Overturning (Circular And Rectangular Tanks)

A8 – Approximate Method For Estimating Buoyancy Pressure On Roof

B1 – Effective Tension Area

B2 – Crack Width, W, At Concrete Surface Relative To Distance From Bar

D1 – Differential Temperature Change

D2 – Total Temperature Change